Eco-Friendly Packaging Initiative - Heinz Essay

Eco-Friendly Packaging Initiative - Heinz - Essay Example There are several initiatives that this company has undertaken to ensure environmental stewardship. Some of the initiatives it is undertaking include sustainable agriculture, and manufacturing processes that are energy-efficient (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2011). It also engages in packaging initiatives that are eco-friendly. To ensure that the packaging used for their products are eco-friendly, there are laws that need to be observed. The initiative to use eco-friendly packaging is in line with the sustainability goals of the company. Use of alternative packaging materials is envisioned to lead to an absolute reduction of 15% of all packaging expenses. In addition to this, Heinz also aims to reduce the packaging currently used for the various brands and containers. The new packaging to be used includes recycled paper cartons and trays, and cartons that have not been bleached. The initiative will also see reduced use of steel, and resin. These measures are all an effort to facilitate ec o-friendly packaging. By making sure that the packaging used is not harmful to the environment is a statement of social responsibility on the side of the company. Environmental degradation has been a major concern for the world today. Governments have established laws that are aimed at protecting the environment, and preserving it for future generations. Pennsylvania has also a set of guidelines that direct companies on how they treat, and manage the environment. Elements of administrative laws that will affect most this initiative are those that are concerned with waste issues. Pennsylvania seeks laws, policies, and regulations that are founded on principles that encourage waste reduction, conservation, beneficial re-use, and recycling (Heinz, 2011). These are policies that will cut the costs of handling waste. Since Heinz deals with products for human consumption, it is affected by the Food Code of Pennsylvania. Under the Food Code, refuse, returnables, and recyclables have to be handled in a specific manner. This code, for instance, requires that these items be removed from the premises where they are used by either receptacles or vehicles. These equipments have to be designed in a manner such as to hold the material disposed in them. The receptacles are transported in a vehicle specifically for this purpose. In Pennsylvania, the laws under municipal waste management will affect most the initiative to recycle waste. This is because for the waste to be recycled, it has to first of all be collected in one area. Wherever the waste will be disposed waiting for recycling, strict guidelines have to be adhered to. By following the guidelines that the law requires, the company will be practicing safety for the citizens. Residual waste management requires a permit from administrators so as to make sure that companies do not ruin the environment. Steel is facing a ban in Pennsylvania, and thus Heinz Company is doing well in planning to reduce the use of the same mate rial in its products. According to the Pennsylvania code, a sales tax of 6 per cent is charged for every retail sale. Since Heinz deals with goods that are consumed at retail outlets, it has to price them with this in mind. By recycling the residual wastes from its products, Heinz cuts down on production costs (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania nd). These two factors need to be reflected in the price that consumers pay for the

Wildest Weather in the Solar System Essay Example for Free

Wildest Weather in the Solar System Essay On February 20 2012, me and my daughter went to the Gates Planetarium in Denver to see the showing of the Wildest Weather in the Solar System. The first thing we did was to walk around the Space Odyssey and explore some of the exhibit they had. Then we went to see the show which I must say was far more thrilling then I or my daughter could have imagined. When you first walk into the Space Odyssey you are amazed it almost looks as thought your walking on to a spaceship or what I would imagine it to be like. When you go thought the entrance you walk into a very long white tunnel with different colored lights all around you. The first exhibit we seen when we emerged from the tunnel was a very lager replica of the earth rotating around and also it look to be tilted my guess to represent the 23 1/2 tilt that the earth has. The next exhibit we seen was the recreation of the surface of mars or more specifically the Candor Chasma Canyons with 15,000 foot cliffs. The last exhibit we looked at before we had to go into the show was of a museum host talking about the Kuiper belt which is kind of like a asteroid belt but instead of being all rock, ice and metal the Kuiper belt is mostly frozen methane, ammonia and water. The wildest weather show was pretty amazing with the screen all around us creating a dome and every thing else being completely dark it make for a great experience me and my daughter shall not forget. First we travel to the sun and inside the core is a thermal nuclear fusion reactor creating energy which is transported to the surface where it becomes twisted in the powerful magnetic fields, the fields open up to allow burst of solar winds. Then we were off to Mercury who is in the path of the solar storms from the sun. The solar winds blast the atoms right off the planet creating a tail of particles stretching a million and a half km into space. Then we went on with are journey of the solar system to Venus. Venus has high winds and toxic clouds of sulfuric acid. On its surface Venus is a oven because of green house gases that are trap from the thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide as a result the average temperature is 460 degrees Celsius making it the hottest planet in the solar system. The last planet I’m going to tell you about that we visited is Mars. Mars is a frozen desert coated in layers of dust. Mars weather can create dust devils from the warming of the sun the hot air rises meeting the cold air to make Martian dust devils that can reach 8 km high. Also at certain times the wind can lift giant clouds of dust off the surface engulfing the planet in a globe dust storm. In all I would just like to say that from all I learned about the different planets in are solar system I think we are very lucky to have a unique place like earth to call home.

Interleukin-6 Levels in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

Interleukin-6 Levels in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis Study of Interleukin-6 Levels in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis Dr. Sonawane Vijay B., Dr. Mehkarkar Nitin S., Dr. Jadhav Pradnya B., Dr. Gaikwad Sonali U., Dr. Kadam Nitin N. Department of Pediatrics, MGM Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA ABSTRACT Introduction: Neonatal septicemia is one of the commonest causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Interleukin-6 Levels appears to be one of the most promising candidate cytokine for early diagnosis of neonatal septicemia. The aim and objectives of this study was to study the role of IL-6 levels as an early marker for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis and to compare IL-6 levels with other septic markers. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital based prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 as an early diagnostic marker of neonatal sepsis. Eighty neonates, delivered in the hospital, having risk factors for neonatal sepsis, along with those coming to hospital with signs and symptoms of sepsis up to 28 days of life (as study group ) along with normal newborns admitted to the postnatal ward without high risk factors (control group) were enrolled for this study. Results: IL-6 Levels has shown maximum Sensitivity of 95.83%, Specificity of 87.50%, Positive Predictive Value of 92 %, Negative Predictive Value of 93.33 % and Accuracy of 92.50 %. E.Coli was the most common organism responsible for sepsis. CRP was reported to be highly sensitive(84.21%), and CBC was highly specific (75.00%), IT ratio has sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 56.25% while Micro-ESR has shown sensitivity of 50.0% and specificity of 62.5%, Out of 80 cases, blood culture (BacTalert) showed growth in 48 cases in study group while two cases in control group. Thus blood culture positivity was 60%. Conclusion: IL-6 test has maximum sensitivity as well as specificity in comparison with other septic markers. Blood culture is the gold standard for the diagnosis of septicemia.CRP is most sensitive while CBC is most specific marker in neonatal sepsis. KEY WORDS: Neonatal Sepsis, Diagnostic Markers, Mortality, IL-6 Levels. INTRODUCTION Neonatal Septicemia is the leading cause neonatal mortality and morbidity in India. It is estimated that 20% of all neonates develop sepsis1 and is responsible for 30-50% of total neonatal death in developing countries2. Accurate and timely diagnosis of neonatal sepsis still remains a major challenge to the pediatricians and neonatologists. Mortality due to neonatal sepsis is preventable and if diagnosed early the outcome is better. Several indicators have been evaluated as septic screen for the early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis like CBC, CRP, Micro-ESR, IT ratio, and Blood Culture. There is a constant search for better and ideal diagnostic marker. Ideal marker should be sensitive, specific and easily available. Its results should be immediate and reproducible. Recently various new markers are being studied such as IL-6, TNF-ÃŽ ±, Procalcitonin, G-CSF etc. IL-6 is an inducer of hepatic protein synthesis which promotes production and liberation of CRP and can be detected early when t here is bacterial bloodstream invasion. It appears to be one of the most promising candidate cytokine for early diagnosis of neonatal septicaemia.3,4 In the present study conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, IL-6 levels were assessed in normal healthy newborns as well as newborns with high risk factors for sepsis and the usefulness of IL-6 was evaluated as an early marker for sepsis detection and its effectiveness was compared with other septic markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Design: A prospective study design was used to evaluate the efficacy of IL-6 as an early diagnostic marker of neonatal sepsis. This is a hospital based study conducted in M.G.M Medical College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai. Study Period: July-2005 to August-2007 Sample Size: Eighty neonates, delivered in the hospital, having risk factors for neonatal sepsis, along with those coming to hospital with signs and symptoms of sepsis up to 28 days of life (as Study Group) also normal newborns admitted to the postnatal ward without high risk factors (Control Group) were enrolled for this study. Newborns were treated with antibiotics for clinical evidence of sepsis positive septic score as per neonatal sepsis score system (Table 1). Table 1: Neonatal sepsis score system5 Score1=risk of infection, Score2=need septic work up to exclude, Score 3 or more=investigate and treat A detailed history was taken and examination was done. Following laboratory tests were done as soon as presumptive diagnosis of sepsis was made based on septic score system and on clinical grounds. All investigations were done within 24 hours of birth or at presentation before starting antibiotics like IL-6 levels, CBC, CRP with titer, Micro ESR, Immature to Total (IT) ratio, peripheral smear for toxic granules and band forms, blood culture (BacTalert), x-ray chest, CSF whenever indicated etc. Soon after birth, 1 ml of venous blood was drawn for blood culture. Also 5 ml of venous blood was collected for TLC, DLC, peripheral blood smear, micro-ESR and CRP. CRP was sent at 12 hours of life in newborns with high risk factors for sepsis. This study was approved by Ethical Committee of this hospital. Informed Written Consent was obtained from parents before entry into this study. Information of selected neonates including detailed history and clinical examination was recorded on a predesi gned proforma. Interleukin-6 Levels Determination3,4 : 1 ml blood was collected in plain bulb and serum was tested by Chemiluminescent Immunometric technique in IMMULITE Machine1000 (Table 2). IMMULITE 1000 IL-6 is a solid phase, enzyme labeled, Chemiluminescent sequential immunometric assay. The use of an ultracentrifuge is recommended to clear lipemic samples. Volume required – 100  µL serum, EDTA or Heparinized Plasma (Sample cup must contain at least 250  µL more than the total volume required). Interpretation6,7: Table 2 – Interpretation Guide for Immune Monitoring DATA ANALYSIS Data was collected, classified, tabulated and analyzed. Tests of significance were applied at appropriate places and interpretation was done accordingly. To evaluate the difference between the categories, McNemar Chi Square test was used as a test of significance. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of total of 80 cases, with risk factor and clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis (40 cases as study group) and normal healthy newborns without risk factors (40 cases as control group). The study group consists of 28 males (70%) and 12 females (30%) while control group consists of 21 males (52.50%) and 19 females (47.50%). Among 40 babies of study group, 24(60%) are blood culture (BacTalert) positive and 16 (40%) are blood culture (BacTalert) negative while in control group, 1(2.50%) is blood culture (BacTalert) positive and 39(97.50%) are blood culture(BacTalert) negative (Fig. 1). Fig. 1: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to Blood Culture In study group, E-coli comprised the maximum number of cases accounting for sepsis i.e. 7 (17.5%) followed by 5 cases (12.5%) of Acinetobacter baumanii, 5 cases (12.5%) of Klebsiella Pneumoniae, 2 cases(5%) each for Citrobacter and Staphylococcus aureus and 1 case (2.5%) has shown Pseudomonous Sp., Burkholderia cepacia and Fungus while no growth in 16 (40% ) cases. In control group, only 1 case (2.5%) shows growth of Acinetobacter baumanii and 39 cases (97.5%) are sterile (Fig. 2). Bhargava et al8 noted in their study that the incidence of E.Coli as the causative organism of neonatal sepsis was 45%. Mirfet al9 in their study of 50 cases also showed similar results. McCraken10 , Faridi and Gupta11 , Kumar GD et al12 have also reported that gram negative septicemia is more common than gram positive septicemia Study Group Control Group Fig. 2: Pie Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to Microbiological Growth on Blood Culture Out of 40 cases in study group, CBC is abnormal in 13 cases (32.5%), Blood Culture (BacTalert) was positive in 24 cases (60%) and 4 cases (10%) has CBC abnormal with sterile blood culture. In this study CBC had low sensitivity (37.50%) and high specificity ( 75.00%). Chan and Ho13 revealed in their study that abnormal CBC had the lowest sensitivity and PPV while abnormal ANC had the lowest specificity and NPV among them. (Fig. 3) Fig. 3: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to CBC Out of 40 cases in study group, CRP is reactive in 31 cases (77.5%), Blood culture is positive in 24 cases (60%) and 15 cases (37.5%) are having CRP reactive with sterile blood culture. In this study CRP was reported most sensitive (84.21%) but low specific(28.57%), Franz AR et al14 showed that there is generally a delay of up to 24 hours between onset of symptoms of infection and a rise in serum CRP. Sensitivity of the test at presentation is only 40% that is, 60% of subsequently proven sepsis episodes will have a normal initial CRP. (Fig. 4). Fig. 4: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to CRP Out of 40 cases in study group, IT Ratio is abnormal in 22 cases (55%), Blood Culture is positive in 24 cases (60%) and 7 cases (17.5%) are having IT Ratio abnormal with sterile blood culture. In our study IT ratio was reported NPV of 50.0%. Ghosh et al15 studied 103 high risk neonates having predisposing perinatal factors or clinical suspicion of sepsis and found that an abnormal immature to total neutrophil (IT) ratio were the most sensitive indicators in identifying neonates with sepsis showing high negative predictive value over 94%. (Fig. 5) Fig. 5: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to IT Ratio Out of 40 cases in study group, Micro-ESR is abnormal in 18 cases (45%), Blood Culture is positive in 24 cases (60%) and 6 cases (15%) has Micro ESR abnormal with sterile blood culture. In our study Micro-ESR has shown sensitivity of 50.0%, specificity of 62.5. K.K. Diwakarand Rosul G16 studied on 114 term neonates for early neonatal sepsis. The sensitivity and specificity of the revised Micro-ESR was 62.5% and 60.9% respectively in diagnosing culture proven sepsis. (Fig. 6) Fig. 6: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to Micro-ESR Among 40 babies of study group, 25 (62.50%) has IL-6 Test positive and 15 (37.50%) has IL-6 Test negative while in control group, 3 (7.5%) has IL-6 Test positive and 37 (92.5%) has IL-6 Test negative. In present study, neonatal mortality is seen in 4 cases (5%) of the total 80 cases. Of these 4 cases, all cases have shown elevated IL-6 levels. Hence, strongly elevated IL-6 levels in this study have found to be associated with bad prognosis as indicated by death. Statistical analysis of IL-6 levels concentration >100 pg/ml in this study of 40 cases (study group) yielded a sensitivity of 95.83% and specificity of 87.50 % whereas Positive predictive value and the Negative predictive value is 92% and 93.33% respectively. Many studies have also reported similar results. The recent study of IL-6 in early neonatal sepsis by Silveira et al17 using normal newborns as controls, showed similar sensitivity of 96%. Recently, Silveira and Procianoy18 reported that IL-6 and TNF-ÃŽ ± are likely cand idate cytokines for use in early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. (Fig. 7) Fig. 7: Bar Chart Showing Distribution of Cases According to IL-6 Assay Out of 40 cases in study group, blood culture is positive in 24 cases (60%), IL-6 is positive in 25 cases (62.5%) and 2 cases (5%) have IL-6 positive with sterile blood culture. (Fig. 8) Fig. 8: Bar Chart Showing IL-6 Levels in Sepsis Same group of patients are tested with both Blood Culture (BacTalert) as well as IL-6 levels. Therefore McNemars (ChiSquare) test is used to evaluate whether results of these tests vary significantly from each other. It is observed that the results of both tests are not statistically significant from each other with x2 = 0.083, p-value equal to 1.00 and degree of freedom equal to 1. There is no statistically significant difference between Blood Culture (BacTalert) and IL-6 assay (p=1). Hence use of IL-6 levels for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis can be justified. (Table 3) Table 3 – IL-6 Parameters: Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV and Accuracy Chi-square (X2) = 0.083, Degree of Freedom = 1, p-value = 1.00 Thus, IL-6 test has maximum sensitivity as well as specificity in comparison with other septic markers in early detection of neonatal sepsis. (Table 4) Table 4 – Comparative Parameters: Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV and Accuracy Hence, it can be concluded that IL-6 concentration increases to significant level in the patient having bacterial septicemia. IL-6 test has maximum sensitivity as well as specificity in comparison with other septic markers. Therefore, IL-6 levels can be used as an early diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Thus, IL-6 has shown Sensitivity of 95.83%, Specificity of 87.5%, Positive Predictive Value of 92%, Negative Predictive Value of 93.33% and Accuracy of 92.5%. Neonatal mortality was seen in 4(5%) of the 80 cases studied. Of these 4 mortalities, all 4 cases showed IL-6 levels strongly positive. Hence, strongly elevated IL-6 levels, in this study, are found to be associated with bad prognosis as indicated by death. The result of the present study appears to emphasize that serum IL-6 levels increases to a significant level in the patients having bacterial septicemia. The level of rise depends upon the severity of the sepsis. Hence, it can be concluded that IL-6 levels can be used as an early diagnostic marker of neonatal sepsis. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors are thankful Dr. V. Kotrashetti for guidance during study period. We also express thanks to Mr. Dattatray Parle and Dr. Tabish Pathan for editing this study. Funding: None Conflict of Interest: None Permission from IRB: Yes REFERENCES â€Å"NNF Teaching Aids: Newborn Care† www.newbornwhocc.org/pdf/ teaching-aids/neonatalsepsis.pdf. Siegel J, McCracken G, â€Å"Sepsis Neonatarum† NEJM, 1981(304):642-646. â€Å"IMMULITE: IL-6† Manual on IMMULITE Published by Siemens Medical Solutions and Diagnostics, Los Angels, CA, USA, 2006. Saunders, B. M., Z. Liu, Y. Zhan and C. Cheers, â€Å"Interleukin- 6 production during chronic experimental infection† Immunol. Cell Biol. 1993(71):275-280 Gupte S., â€Å"The Short Text Book of Paediatrics† 9th Ed., Jaypee Brothers, New Delhi, 2001:559-561. Milenia QuickLine IL-6 Published by Milenia Biotec, USA SepsisNeoEnglish, 2005. de Bont, E., A. Martens, J. van Raan, G. Samson, W. P. Fetter, A Okken and L. H. F. M. de Lei, â€Å"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 plasma levels in neonatal sepsis† Pediatr. Res., 1993(33):380-383. Bhargav SK, Gupta A, Bhargav M. Bacterial Infections in Newborn. Newer Development in Pediatric[A1] Research 1977; 1. MirfAmans and Khan SR. Neonatal sepsis; a review with study of 50 cases. Journal[A2] of Tropical Pediatrics 1987; 33(3):131-5. McCraken and Shinefield. Changes in the pattern of neonatal septicemia and meningitis. Am J Dis. Child 1966; 112:33. Faridi et al[A3]. Chest radiograph in neonatal sepsis. Ind. Ped[A4]. 1972; 29:871. Kumar GD et al[A5]. Bacteriological analysis of blood culture isolates from neonate in tertiary care hospital in India. J Health, Population and Nutrition, 2002; 20(4): 343-347. Chan DK and Ho LY. Usefulness of C-reactive protein in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Singapore MedicalJournal[A6] 1997; 38(6): 252-5. Franz AR, et al. Reduction of unnecessary antibiotic therapy in newborn infants using interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein as markers of bacterial infections. Pediatrics 1999; 104:447-53. .Ghosh S, Mittal M, Jaganathan G. Early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis using a hematological scoring system 2000;54(9):495-500. Diwakar KK, Rosul G, â€Å"Revised Look at Micro-Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Neonates† Indian Pediatrics[A7] 1999; 36:703-705. Silveira RC, Procianoy RS, â€Å"Evaluation of interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-a and interleukin-1 for early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis† Acta. Paediatr ,1999(88): 647-650. Renato S. Procianoy, Rita C. Silveira, â€Å"The role of sample collection timing on interleukin-6 levels in early-onset neonatal sepsis† J Pediatr (Rio J), 80(5):407-10, 2004. [A1]AS ABOVE [A2]BBR [A3]ET AL ONLY IF THERE ARE MORE THAN SIX AUTHORS, PLEASE CHECK [A4]CORRECT AS ABOVE; NO FULL STOPS AND CORRECTLY ABBREVIATED NAMES OF JOURNALS. [A5]CHECK ET AL [A6]Sing Med J [A7]Abbr

An Innocent Man Wronged in Oleanna Essay -- David Mamet

Sometimes there are events in our lives that we cannot control. These events occur, more or less, due to our own actions. Sometimes, however, we must come to terms with our inability to handle certain situations and also to reach our goals. These events are facts of life everyone: some people can't run as fast, or lift as much, or write as well. It is during these times that we must focus on what we can do well, and try to direct our goals around those features that make us good at something. In David Mamet's Oleanna, John loses his job and his house due to Carol's ignorance, lack of self-confidence, and overall inability to come to terms with her own short-comings as a student. This play epitomizes an act of complete degradation based solely on one individual's failure to accept that she just might not be good at school--or at least John's class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an attempt to help a young student named Carol, a professor named John loses his house and his job. All of the blame rests on Carol's shoulders, for it was she that allowed her delusions of grandeur and success (being without the necessary skills to attain them) to ruin the life of man who has dedicated his life to helping students do just that. Carol's ignorance plays a big role in this tragedy. From the very beginning of this play, it is apparent that Carol does not understand the information given in class, but it is her unwillingness to even try that makes her at fault. "People who came here. To know something they didn't know†¦To be helped†¦So someone would help them (12)." Carol is begging John to understand that she is stupid. She doesn't want help in the sense that someone might want help writing a paper. She wants it hand fed to her, and education is a process that involves the teacher pointing the way, not carrying someone to the end. Carol' s misconceptions of how college is supposed to work can only be result of not having been exposed to the realities of higher education, but I believe that she just doesn't have the skills she needs to succeed. "Nobody tells me anything. And I sit there†¦in the corner. In the back (14)." This is an example of the total lack of motivation that Carol has to learn. Her ignorance leads her to believe that a college education is supposed to hand fed. She just sits there, in the back, without an attempt to even try to learn on her own. We all need help form time to tim... ...hool. They have lived their lives fearing that the system of education has decided that they are failures. This group has only one goal, and that is to succeed. Their success, however, has a price. Those people who stand in the way re their enemies. John's fate was a result of Carol finding this group, and allowing them to use her as a pawn in their own sick, twisted agenda. All the members of this group suffer from the same illness that ails Carol: ignorance, lack of self-confidence, and an ability to cope with their own shortcomings as students.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Carol represents a group of people that are the destruction of the higher education system. Their complete disregard for societal structure cost a good teacher his job and his home. It seems that today, when we are unable to get what we want by earning it, we have to destroy and tear down the barriers in our way. This is exactly what Carol does, and the manner in which she executes her plan would leave most students to wonder: why even try? Works Cited Mamet, David. Oleanna: A Play in Two Acts. The Best Plays of 1992-1993. Eds. Otis L. Guernsey, Jr. and Jeffrey Sweet. New York: Limelight, 1993. 150-164

Juhayna

The employs has a monthly payment and an additional commission of what they sell. Because Johanna is a well known brand and have a huge market share sales representatives can easily gain a bigger portion on commission. The company also distributes a part of its profit with its employees. To conclude they use wages, fringe benefits, performance related, and profit sharing system. All of that motivates them as a team to work harder and have a better out come, but like every thing this tool has its advantages and disadvantages.The wages Is the simplest and easiest to use for a big and known company Like Johanna, but Its mall disadvantage Is employs might feel It unfair for them to be paid as others while the other dose not do hisher job. Performance related, it is the best way to manage and control sales representatives, its main disadvantage is when reforming a service it is hared to monitor the employees; Johanna sales representative perform services by giving out questioners and taki ng complains.Then the fringe benefits is giving the employees health insurance that make the employees more loyal and have a low turn in rate, but if the company has a lot of employees that will have a high cost out come. Profit sharing system would make the employees loyal, normally companies don't give out a big share of there profit to the employees for them to feel the difference. Recommendation The company should know haw to motivate every single one of Its employees because every one of them may respond different from the other.The company s o a nave a netter employee loyalty Day upgrading ten 010 Ana excellent employees to a higher position, to reach ultimate satisfaction. They should pick the best of there employees to give them training courses to be the next managers to lead the company to a better future. After setting the goal of the company and achieving it the company should make a party to celebrate their goal, to have a better loyalty.

Chariots of Fire Essay

Answer: In the film Chariots of Fire, Directed by Hugh Hudson, two major film techniques which have been used are slow motion and close up shots. These Production techniques reinforce the character and feelings of Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams as they prepare and run in the 1924 Paris Olympic Games. The Close Up shots give us an insight into Eric’s Character and reactions, specifically when he makes the decision not to run on the Sabbath. Slow motion tells us of the nervousness and loneliness of Harold as he waits for the races to start, and communicates the feeling of tension to the viewers . The film techniques in Chariots of Fire enhance the characters personalities and form a link with the theme and major events in the story line. Close up shots are used in Chariots of Fire to portray the honesty and integrity of Eric Liddell, â€Å"the Flying Scotsman†, and his personality and approach to the Olympic Games. When Eric arrived in Paris he was confronted with the problem of running his 100m heats on the Sabbath. Eric decides that he won’t run on the Sabbath because, â€Å"the Sabbath is Gods and I for one intend to keep it that way†, â€Å"I won’t run and that’s final†. The close up shots showed us Eric’s reactions and emotions which exposed how Eric was a transparent character whose life was governed by faith, honesty and loyalty to God. Hugh Hudson has used slow motion during the Olympic races to portray the honesty and integrity of Harold Abraham and Eric Liddell. The slow motion technique is also used to portray the loneliness and solitary feeling before races. At the start of Harold’s race it shows his determination to win, â€Å"If I can’t win, I won’t run†. Harold was a Jew and was determined to prove that he could run, it was his weapon against the rising of Anti-Semitism before World War Two. The slow motion in Eric’s race shows the viewers the different style of running he has and how each movement counts towards the final victory. Eric said â€Å"God made me fast, and when I run I feel his pleasure†; the slow motion shows how he loves running, but reminds us of his firm faith and trust in God which will never be severed. Slow motion shots showed me the feelings of the runners during their races and deepened the sense of nervousness, but determination to run the race to victory in both of the main characters. The two production techniques close up shots and slow motion, enhance the link between the characters and the theme of faith and endurance, the understanding of character feelings and determination made the film worthwhile because you can sense the tenseness of the character and their yearning for victory as the both had â€Å"something personal to prove†. The production techniques helped me to understand the characters faith and the strength of their faith which governed their lives, never to decrease but continually increase and inspire others to run a straight race morally, have ambition and determination, this theme is especially prominent as we are shown how Eric’s faith in God was his strength when running and pathway to victory. Two major production techniques in Chariots of Fire, used by Hugh Hudson were close up and slow motion, these two techniques enhanced my understanding of the main characters, Eric Liddell and Harold Abrahams. The techniques portrayed character feelings, formation and the result of crucial decision making. This film is worthwhile to watch because not only because of the way the director has used techniques to make it easier to understand the lives of the two Olympic heroes and inspire future generations, but to get an insight of how these two runners achieved their goal and their personal reasons for pursuing victory.